一 概述
大家都清楚,在Android的开发中,凡是遇到耗时的操作尽可能的会交给Service去做,比如我们上传多张图,上传的过程用户可能将应用置于后台,然后干别的去了,我们的Activity就很可能会被杀死,所以可以考虑将上传操作交给Service去做,如果担心Service被杀,还能通过设置startForeground(int, Notification)方法提升其优先级。
那么,在Service里面我们肯定不能直接进行耗时操作,一般都需要去开启子线程去做一些事情,自己去管理Service的生命周期以及子线程并非是个优雅的做法;好在Android给我们提供了一个类,叫做IntentService,我们看下注释。
IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand. Clients send requests through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
意思说IntentService是一个基于Service的一个类,用来处理异步的请求。你可以通过startService(Intent)来提交请求,该Service会在需要的时候创建,当完成所有的任务以后自己关闭,且请求是在工作线程处理的。
这么说,我们使用了IntentService最起码有两个好处,一方面不需要自己去new Thread了;另一方面不需要考虑在什么时候关闭该Service了。
好了,那么接下来我们就来看一个完整的例子。
二 IntentService的使用
我们就来演示一个多个图片上传的案例,当然我们会模拟上传的耗时,毕竟我们的重心在IntentService的使用和源码解析上。
首先看下效果图
每当我们点击一次按钮,会将一个任务交给后台的Service去处理,后台的Service每处理完成一个请求就会反馈给Activity,然后Activity去更新UI。当所有的任务完成的时候,后台的Service会退出,不会占据任何内存。
package com.zhy.blogcodes.intentservice; import android.app.IntentService; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.util.Log; public class UploadImgService extends IntentService { private static final String ACTION_UPLOAD_IMG = "com.zhy.blogcodes.intentservice.action.UPLOAD_IMAGE"; public static final String EXTRA_IMG_PATH = "com.zhy.blogcodes.intentservice.extra.IMG_PATH"; public static void startUploadImg(Context context, String path) { Intent intent = new Intent(context, UploadImgService.class); intent.setAction(ACTION_UPLOAD_IMG); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_IMG_PATH, path); context.startService(intent); } public UploadImgService() { super("UploadImgService"); } @Override protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) { if (intent != null) { final String action = intent.getAction(); if (ACTION_UPLOAD_IMG.equals(action)) { final String path = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_IMG_PATH); handleUploadImg(path); } } } private void handleUploadImg(String path) { try { //模拟上传耗时 Thread.sleep(3000); Intent intent = new Intent(IntentServiceActivity.UPLOAD_RESULT); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_IMG_PATH, path); sendBroadcast(intent); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Log.e("TAG","onCreate"); } @Override public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.e("TAG","onDestroy"); } }
代码很短,主要就是继承IntentService,然后复写onHandleIntent方法,根据传入的intent来选择具体的操作。startUploadImg是我写的一个辅助方法,省的每次都去构建Intent,startService了。
package com.zhy.blogcodes.intentservice; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.view.Menu; import android.view.MenuItem; import android.view.View; import android.widget.LinearLayout; import android.widget.TextView; import com.zhy.blogcodes.R; public class IntentServiceActivity extends AppCompatActivity { public static final String UPLOAD_RESULT = "com.zhy.blogcodes.intentservice.UPLOAD_RESULT"; private LinearLayout mLyTaskContainer; private BroadcastReceiver uploadImgReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (intent.getAction() == UPLOAD_RESULT) { String path = intent.getStringExtra(UploadImgService.EXTRA_IMG_PATH); handleResult(path); } } }; private void handleResult(String path) { TextView tv = (TextView) mLyTaskContainer.findViewWithTag(path); tv.setText(path + " upload success ~~~ "); } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_intent_service); mLyTaskContainer = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.id_ll_taskcontainer); registerReceiver(); } private void registerReceiver() { IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction(UPLOAD_RESULT); registerReceiver(uploadImgReceiver, filter); } int i = 0; public void addTask(View view) { //模拟路径 String path = "/sdcard/imgs/" + (++i) + ".png"; UploadImgService.startUploadImg(this, path); TextView tv = new TextView(this); mLyTaskContainer.addView(tv); tv.setText(path + " is uploading ..."); tv.setTag(path); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); unregisterReceiver(uploadImgReceiver); } }
Activity中,每当我点击一次按钮调用addTask,就回模拟创建一个任务,然后交给IntentService去处理。
注意,当Service的每个任务完成的时候,会发送一个广播,我们在Activity的onCreate和onDestroy里面分别注册和解注册了广播;当收到广播则更新指定的UI。
通过上例,大家可以看到我们可以使用IntentService非常方便的处理后台任务,屏蔽了诸多细节;而Service与Activity通信呢,我们选择了广播的方式(当然这里也可以使用LocalBroadcastManager)。
三 IntentService源码解析
/* * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package android.app; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.HandlerThread; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.Looper; import android.os.Message; public abstract class IntentService extends Service { private volatile Looper mServiceLooper; private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler; private String mName; private boolean mRedelivery; private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler { public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) { super(looper); } @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj); stopSelf(msg.arg1); } } public IntentService(String name) { super(); mName = name; } public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) { mRedelivery = enabled; } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]"); thread.start(); mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper(); mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper); } @Override public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) { Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage(); msg.arg1 = startId; msg.obj = intent; mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { onStart(intent, startId); return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY; } @Override public void onDestroy() { mServiceLooper.quit(); } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent); }
可以看到它在onCreate里面初始化了一个HandlerThread,关于HandlerThread的使用和源码分析参考:Android HandlerThread 完全解析,看到这估计已经能猜到它的逻辑了:
就是每次调用onStartCommand的时候,通过mServiceHandler发送一个消息,消息中包含我们的intent。然后在该mServiceHandler的handleMessage中去回调onHandleIntent(intent);就可以了。
那么我们具体看一下源码,果然是这样,onStartCommand中回调了onStart,onStart中通过mServiceHandler发送消息到该handler的handleMessage中去。最后handleMessage中回调onHandleIntent(intent)。
注意下:回调完成后回调用 stopSelf(msg.arg1),注意这个msg.arg1是个int值,相当于一个请求的唯一标识。每发送一个请求,会生成一个唯一的标识,然后将请求放入队列,当全部执行完成(最后一个请求也就相当于getLastStartId == startId),或者当前发送的标识是最近发出的那一个(getLastStartId == startId),则会销毁我们的Service.
如果传入的是-1则直接销毁。
那么,当任务完成销毁Service回调onDestory,可以看到在onDestroy中释放了我们的Looper:mServiceLooper.quit()。
ok~ 如果你的需求可以使用IntentService来做,可以尽可能的使用,设计的还是相当赞的。当然了,如果你需要考虑并发等等需求,那么可能需要自己去扩展创建线程池等。
本文出自:【张鸿洋的博客】: http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/47143563